Australian researchers have taken big steps toward safer and more effective ways to treat heart attack and stroke via nanotechnology.

A team funded by the National Heart Foundation says its latest step offers a revolutionary difference between the current treatments for blood clots and what might be possible in the future.

They have developed a treatment that could be administered by paramedics in emergency situations without the need for specialised equipment as is currently the case.

“We’ve created a nanocapsule that contains a clot-busting drug,” says researcher Professor Christoph Hagemeyer.

“The drug-loaded nanocapsule is coated with an antibody that specifically targets activated platelets, the cells that form blood clots.”

“Once located at the site of the blood clot, thrombin [a molecule at the centre of the clotting process] breaks open the outer layer of the nanocapsule, releasing the clot-busting drug.

“We are effectively hijacking the blood clotting system to initiate the removal of the blockage in the blood vessel,” he said.

The study was jointly led by Professor Hagemeyer - Head of the Vascular Biotechnology Laboratory at Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute - and Professor Frank Caruso, an ARC Australian Laureate Fellow in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Melbourne.

Professor Frank Caruso from the Melbourne School of Engineering said the targeted drug with its novel delivery method can potentially offer a safer alternative with fewer side effects for people suffering a heart attack or stroke.

“Up to 55,000 Australians experience a heart attack or suffer a stroke every year.”

“About half of the people who need a clot-busting drug can’t use the current treatments because the risk of serious bleeding is too high,” he said.

The research was funded by the National Heart Foundation of Australia, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and the Australian Research Council (ARC).