Low-dose radiation exposure in Fukushima has been linked to increased diabetes risk. 

New research presented at the Annual Meeting of The European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) reveals a potential link between low-dose radiation exposure and a higher risk of diabetes. 

Researchers from the Japanese National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health have conducted a study focusing on over 6,000 emergency workers who responded to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant radiation accident in 2011.

The ten-year study, part of the Epidemiological Study of Health Effects in Fukushima Emergency Workers (NEWS), examined the health impacts of radiation exposure, particularly at low levels.

Researchers analysed data from 5,326 male emergency workers, measuring their radiation exposure between March and December 2011.

The findings suggest that even low doses of radiation, lower than that from two PET scans (50 millisieverts), are associated with an increased risk of diabetes. 

Workers exposed to 5-9 mSv had a 6 per cent higher risk, while those exposed to 10-19 mSv and 20-49 mSv had 47 per cent and 33 per cent greater risks, respectively. 

However, no elevated risk was observed in those exposed to 50 mSv or more, possibly due to the limited sample size in this group.

The exact mechanisms remain unclear, but it is believed that radiation may harm pancreatic cells responsible for insulin production and increase inflammation, a known factor in diabetes development.

The authors note that their findings show observational associations rather than causation. They also highlighted limitations, including a lack of data on diabetes types and potential confounding factors. Only 30 per cent of emergency workers participated in the NEWS study, which introduced potential selection bias.

Despite these limitations, the study provides valuable insights into the potential health effects of low radiation exposure. 

Further research and ongoing follow-up of NEWS participants are needed to better understand the relationship between radiation exposure and diabetes risk.